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==Events== *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1607 – An estimated 200 square miles (51,800 ha) along the coasts of the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary in England are destroyed by massive flooding, resulting in an estimated 2,000 deaths. *1648 – Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain. *1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded. *1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed more than two years after his death, on the 12th anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed. *1667 – The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and left-bank Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo. *1703 – The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master. *1789 – Tây Sơn forces emerge victorious against Qing armies and liberate the capital Thăng Long. *1790 – The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne. *1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened. *1820 – Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica. *1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened. *1835 – In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen as well as Jackson himself. *1841 – A fire destroys two-thirds of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. *1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco. *1858 – The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of The Hallé orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra. *1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the is launched. *1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in the Mayerling. *1902 – The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London. *1908 – Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is released from prison by Jan C. Smuts after being tried and sentenced to two months in jail earlier in the month. *1911 – The destroyer makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of Douglas McCurdy ten miles from Havana, Cuba. * 1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy. *1913 – The British House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill. *1925 – The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul. *1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany. *1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies. *1943 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes. *1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy. * 1944 – World War II: American troops land on Majuro, Marshall Islands. *1945 – World War II: The ''Wilhelm Gustloff'', overfilled with German refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, killing approximately 9,500 people in what is the deadliest known maritime disaster. * 1945 – World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: One hundred twenty-six American Rangers and Filipino resistance fighters liberate over 500 Allied prisoners from the Japanese-controlled Cabanatuan POW camp. *1948 – Mahatma Gandhi known for his non-violent freedom struggle, is assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist. *1956 – African-American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. *1959 – , said to be the safest ship afloat and "unsinkable" like the , strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sinks, killing all 95 aboard. *1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties. *1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 6 is launched. * 1964 – In a bloodless coup, General Nguyễn Khánh overthrows General Dương Văn Minh's military junta in South Vietnam. *1965 – Some one million people attend former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill's funeral, the biggest in the United Kingdom up to that point. *1968 – Vietnam War: Tet Offensive launch by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies. *1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police. *1971 – Carole King's ''Tapestry'' album is released to become the longest charting album by a female solo artist and sell 24 million copies worldwide. *1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Sunday: British Paratroopers open fire on and kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti-internment marchers in Derry, Northern Ireland. * 1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations. *1975 – The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary. *1979 – A Varig Boeing 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo. *1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner". *1989 – Closure of the American embassy in Kabul, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. *1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grandmaster. *1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease. *2000 – Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. *2003 – The Kingdom of Belgium officially recognizes same-sex marriages. *2013 – Naro-1 becomes the first carrier rocket launched by South Korea. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「January 30」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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